Boeing 747-200

The 747-200 is the aircraft that turned the 747 from a bold experiment into the backbone of long-haul aviation. It had more thrust, more fuel and higher weights than the 747-100, and - decisively - it could be bought with any of the three major engine makers' products.

393 were built across all versions, and production ran until 1991.

Telling one apart

A few early -200s kept the three-window upper deck of the -100. Most were built with ten windows a side, which is the quickest visual test between an early and a late classic 747.

The stretched upper deck that defines every later 747 had not arrived yet. That came with the 747-300, by way of two Japanese 747-100SR aircraft.

The four versions

Version	Delivered	What it is
747-200B	233	The passenger aircraft. More fuel, more thrust, roughly 6,857 nmi of range. In service February 1971.
747-200M	74	Combi. Passengers forward, freight aft behind a movable partition, side cargo door. Up to 238 seats with cargo aboard.
747-200C	13	Convertible. Removable seats and a nose cargo door, so the aircraft could switch roles.
747-200F	73	Freighter. 105 tons of payload, 833,000 lb MTOW, in service with Lufthansa from 1972.

Those four figures total exactly 393.

The engine choice mattered most

It is easy to read the -200's improvements as a list of numbers, but the commercially decisive change was engine choice. The -100 was a Pratt & Whitney JT9D aircraft. The -200 could be had with the JT9D, the General Electric CF6 or the Rolls-Royce RB211.

Airlines maintain engines, not just airframes. Being able to buy a 747 that shared a powerplant with the rest of the fleet removed a barrier that had kept several carriers out of the market entirely - and it is why the -200 outsold the -100 by more than two to one.

Where they went

Most large carriers had retired their -200s by the mid-2000s. The retirements accelerated after September 2001 and the collapse in demand that followed: airlines scrapped some aircraft, and converted others into freighters under the 747-200BF designation, a passenger-to-freighter conversion that gave many airframes another fifteen years of work.

That pattern - passenger aircraft retired early, freighters flying on - repeated with the 747-400, and is the reason 747 freighters remained in production until January 2023 while the passenger versions had stopped selling long before.

The -200 airframe also became the basis for the most famous 747s ever built: the two VC-25A presidential aircraft and the E-4B airborne command post are all 747-200s.